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CHAPTER IV
TYPES OF SUBMARINES
Submarines and Submersibles
The broad term submarine is used generally to desig-
nate all vessels capable of navigating totally submerged.
But strictly speaking these vessels are considered to be of
two distinct types: submarines proper, and submersibles.
The early Holland boats and many of the French boats
were of the former type. They were distinctive in that
they were designed with a spindle shaped hull, and when
in the surface condition had a very small part of the hull
emerging above the surface of the water with a conse-
quently small percentage of reserve buoyancy, about six
per cent in fact.
The submersible was designed with a ship-shape form
of hull, fundamentally to increase the amount of reserve
bouyancy in the surface condition and to afford a greater
free-board for the purpose of increasing the sea-worthiness
of the boat. The Lake boat witli its large watertight
superstructure, and the Italian Laurenti and the German
Krupp types, both of the latter of double hull construction,
are examples of the submersible type of boat and have a
reserve buoyancy of from thirty to forty per cent of the
total submerged displacement.
These distinctions are not now so strongly drawn how-
ever, as none of the modern boats are of the strictly sub-
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