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TYPES OF SUBMARINES
57
about P; and the thrust T of the impinging water against
the rudders is a controllable upward force balancing the
moment of the thrust of the water against the top of the
hull. The force P tends to pull the vessel always along
the line of its axis, and the righting moment W becomes
in this case an important safety factor because it acts as
do all the forces about the point P.
Higher speeds were believed to be possible in all condi-
tions because there could be no loss of control due to in-
creased speed, wave formation, or any tendency of tire
water to pile up on the bow, for any increased resistance
due to greater speed must always tend to straighten the
vessel out on her course instead of causing her to “root.”
This is because the thrusts acting in opposite direction to
the propelling force, act always behind and away from the
point at which the force producing motion is applied.
There is a Question what material effect this position of
the propellers might have upon their efficiency. Placed
in this position the wheels would be working upon a solid
column of water undisturbed by the passage of the vessel,
and must therefore unquestionably exeit a stronger pull
or propulsive force.
However, the efficiency gained in this manner is over-
come to a greater or lesser degree by the force of the column
of water leaving the wheels and impinging against the hull.
This result it is thought would not lie as detrimental as
would at first appear, however, on account of tire manner
in which the propellers are placed wide apart and tending
to deliver the greater part of these water columns away
from the hull. In any event whatever loss in efficiency
which might occur should be more than compensated for
by the gain in safety and tactical value.