Submarine Appliances And Their Uses
Deep Sea Diving, &c., &c.

SUBMARINE CABLE GRAPNELS. Square Broken Weight Copyright, A. The following represent some of the best forms of Submarine Cable Grapnels in use :— Q ORDINARY GRAPNEL (Photo A). The Grapnel mostly used is the ordinary type of Grapnel having, generally, five prongs, and made in forged mild steel, the end of the shank I being provided with a swivel for attachment of the Grapnel chain or rope. They vary in size from 20 lbs., for boats’ use, to 4 cwt. SLIDING PRONG CENTIPEDE (Photo B). mild steel shank, with cast-steel prongs slipped on. prongs can be replaced by removing a shackle at one end. 2j cwt. CENTIPEDE. This consists of a shank of square or round iron, through which double prongs of round or square iron are fitted. Broken prongs are easily replaced in this pattern. The weights vary from 20 lbs. to 2 cwt. COLE’S CENTIPEDE (Photo I)). Made of steel castings, the prongs being bolted on so that they may be easily renewed in case of breakage. The weight of this Centipede is 1^ cwt. Coj>yri^ CLAUDE JOHNSON’S RENEWABLE SECTION GRAPNEL (Photo E). RENEWABLE The feature of this Grapnel is that any part can be replaced or renewed by simply removing one nut which is fitted to the lower end of the shank. A great advantage of this Grapnel is that long prongs for working in muddy or sandy bottoms can be quickly inserted in place of the short prongs used for ordinary working. The weight of this Grapnel is 2^ cwt. PRONG GRAPNEL. As the prongs of a Grapnel frequently get broken, many forms have been produced in which the prongs are easily renewable. One of the oldest patterns is the Madge Grapnel, in which the five prongs are secured to the shank by means of a clamping ring and nut at the lower end, while the upper ends of the prongs fit into a recess turned in a shank. The weight of this Grapnel is about 2% cwt.