Submarine Appliances And Their Uses
Deep Sea Diving, &c., &c.

struct similar ones between the deck casings over the three boiler uptakes and the engine- hatch. Thus a wooden wall was built almost right fore and aft on the starboard side. This made it possible to place pumps on the boat deck and to remove the water inside the coffer- dams to the upper-deck level, and afterwards several pumps were placed on this level to give them greater power in working the lower compartments. At the final, or completely successful, attempt to float the vessel, all available pumps were at work. On the starboard side three pontoons (50ft., 40ft. and 75^-) were left in position, the two bow pontoons having been removed to allow one of the salvage boats to get alongside. The larger pontoon was placed opposite the damaged shell-plating. Another of the. salvage steamers took up her Copyright. Photo No. 63. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AT WORK. position on the port side of the cruiser, and there were also the two check-pontoons; one of them partly filled with water to counteract the starboard heel (6 deg.) of the ship. In this way, with the pumps kept going at their fullest capacity, with a salvage steamer on either bow, each vessel having round it a steel-wire strap, connected by cable to masthead tackle to assist in keeping the vessel upright, the Gladiator was towed into Portsmouth Dockyard. Thus ended one of the most difficult salvage operations ever undertaken. The work was earned out under the supervision of Captain Fred Young, of the Liverpool Salvage Associa- tion, who had as his assistants Captains Williams and Wilson. The pontoons and other special appliances were constructed by the Naval Authorities at Portsmouth Dockyard. A very full account of these operations appeared in Engineering, gth October, 1908. 04