Kallundborg Kirke

Fig. 30. Søjlebase fra Fjenneslev Kirke. — Base of column from Fjenneslev Church. armsbuer er et Motiv der forekommer i Benediktinerkirken i Ringsted, i Cistercienserkirken i Vitskøl 5, i Domkirken i Aar« lius, i Benediktinernonnernes Kirke i Dalum og i Kollegiatkir« ken, Vor Frue, i Odense 6, alle af Tegl. Det skal i denne Sam« menhæng ogsaa nævnes, at Motivet med forsænkede Halvsøj« ler forekommer i huggen Sten i Lyngby Kirke i Jylland, der er opført af Kridtsten 7. Det er i et Fragment, hvis oprindelige An« bringelse er usikker, ligesom det foreløbig er umuligt med Be= stemthed at udtale sig om, hvorvidt Kirken er ældre eller yngre end Kallundborg Kirke. Ogsaa i den nu nedrevne sjæl« landske Kirke Uggerløse forekom et lignende Motiv s. Dobbeltvinduerne i Taarnene findes ofte øverst paa roman« ske Taarne, saavel herhjemme som i Udlandet; men den mær« kelige Kombination af Dobbeltvindue og halvrund Niche med smalt Skydeskaar kendes der vistnok ikke noget andet Eks« empel paa. Muligvis har lignende Vinduer været anvendt paa profane romanske Bygninger; men ingen saadanne er tilstræk« keligt bevarede i Danmark. Naar de findes paa Kallundborg Kirke, er det neppe uden Grund, og de kan forstaas i Sam« menhæng med de andre Tegn paa, at Kirken har været tænkt som et Led i Byens Befæstning 9. — Særegne for Kallundborg Kirke er de elegante Profiler omkring Vinduerne; tilsvarende Profiler findes dog anvendt paa Nordportalerne paa Ols og Østerlars Kirker paa Bornholm 10. — Mærkelige er ogsaa de kamtakkede Gavlpartier paa vestre og nordre Portalfrem« spring; de findes dog paa Korportalerne paa Kirken i Nykø« bing Sj. og paa Fejø Kirke, samt paa Vestportalen paa Bække« skov Præmonstratenserkirke i Skaane, der alle er romanske Teglstenskirker, de to sidstnævnte fra Periodens Slutning. Man maa derfor indtil videre gaa ud fra, at disse kamtakkede Gavle, der skulde blive saa almindelige i vor gotiske Arkitek« tur, optræder første Gang i Danmark paa Kallundborg Kirke. Et Motiv der ogsaa skulde blive almindeligt paa vore goti« ske Bygninger, er den udkragede Gesims med Savsnitsskifter, som er mærkelig at træffe paa en romansk Kirke fra denne Periode. Men at en saadan Gesims ikke har været ukendt her i Landet paa samtidige Bygninger, fremgaar af de sidste Aars Undersøgelser af Nyborg Slot, hvis Hovedbygning, der er sam« tidig med den romanske Ringmur, har haft en lignende Ge« sims. Nyborg er efter Traditionen opført omkring 1170, og lige« som Borgen i Kallundborg, som et Led i den Række af Borg« anlæg der opførtes til Beskyttelse mod Vendernes Angreb. — gallery and twin towers in Esbern's own time. The form of the capitals is also found in other churches of the period, for instance Thorsager Church in Jutland s and Bjernede Church. Zealand 4. Both of these churches have also a system of vault« ings which correspond to that in the nave of Kallundborg Church. Semiscolumns sunk in pilasters as in the arches of the east and west transepts is a motive found in the Benedictine church in Ringsted and in the church of the Cistercians in Vit« skol5, in the church of the Benedictine nuns at Dalum, and in the collegiate church. Our Lady in Odense 6, all of which are built of brick. In this connection mention should be made of the faet that the motive with sunken half«columns is found carved in stone in a church built of lime«stone at Lyngby, Jut« land 7. It is in a fragment whose original position is uncertain, just as it is impossible to state positively at present how much older or younger this church is than Kallundborg Church. A similar motive is found in the church at Uggerlöse, Zealand, now demolished s. Double windows in towers are often placed uppermost in Romanesque towers, both here in Denmark and abroad, how« ever the curious combination of double window and semicir« cular niche with narrow embrasure is probably known now« here else. Of course similar windows have been used in pro« fane Romanesque buildings, but of these none have been suf« ficiently preserved in Denmark. That they are found in Kal« lundborg Church is harly due to chance, and is further proof that the Church was planned as a link in the fortification af the city9. — Very characteristic of Kallundborg Church are the beautiful profiles around the windows. Corresponding profiles are found on the north entrances of Ols and Osterlars Churches, on Bornholm 10. — Strange too, are the gables with corbel«steps on the projections of the north and west entran« ces. However these are to be found on the entrances to the choir of the church in Nyköbing, Zealand, on Fejo church, and on the west entrance to the church of the Premonstrants at Bækkeskov in Skaane, all of which are Romanesque brick churches, the two latter from the close of the period. For the present then, at least, it must be supposed that these corbel« gables, which were to become so common a feature of our Gothic architecture, made their first appearance in Denmark in Kallundborg Church. A motive, which was also destined to become common in Gothic buildings in Denmark, is the corbelled cornice with saw«notch courses, and it is stränge indeed to find it on a Ro« manesque church of this period. However such cornices were not known on contemporary buildings, for the investigations of Nyborg Castle made during recent years have shown that the main building, which is of the same age as the Roman« esque wall of defence had a similar cornice. According to tradition Nyborg Castle was built about 1170 as a link in that chain of castles which, like Kallundborg Castle, were intended as a measure of defence against the Wends. All these details from the close of the 12th century substan« tiate the old tradition that Esbern Snare built the church when in 1171 he also built Kallundborg Castle 11. Unfortunately no year for the construction of the other contemporary and close« 26