Kallundborg Kirke

Alle disse Enkeltheder fra Slutningen af 12. Aarh. bekræft ter saaledes den gamle Tradition, at Esbern Snare har opført Kirken 1171, da han anlagde Kallundborg u. Desværre kendes ikke noget Opførelsesaar for de ovennævnte, samtidige og bes slægtede Kirker; men som paavist af Løfler 12 maa Koret og Korsarmene paa RingstedsKirken antages at have været færs dige i Sommeren 1170, da Knud Lavards Helgenskrin blev hens stillet paa Højaltret. Det er ikke her Stedet at gøre Rede for de forskellige Byggeperioder i Ringsted Kirke 13; det skal blot fremhæves, at de i KallundborgsKirken benyttede Enkelthes der, som ogsaa findes i Ringsted Kirke, er benyttede saavel i dennes Østparti, som i dens noget senere opførte Vestparti. Det er bemærkelsesværdigt, at man i Ringsted Kirkes Vests parti benytter Krydshvælvinger i Forbindelse med Halvsøjler i Sideskibene, straks efter 1170, da man begynder paa Opføs reisen af Skibet, regnet fra dettes næstsidste Fag i Øst. Kais lundborg Kirke har fra først af været anlagt til Hvælvinger, og da disse har den ældste romanske KrydshvælvingssForm, uden fremspringende, profilerede Ribber, er der al mulig Grund til at tro, at den er bygget i Aarene lige efter 1170. — Den eneste af de ældste Teglstenskirker, hvis Opførelsesaar kendes, er Gumløse Kirke i Skaane, der vides at være indviet af Esbern Snares Broder, Ærkebiskop Absalon den 26de Okt. 1191 14. Sammenligner man denne Kirke med Kallundborg Kirs ke, vil man se, at den i sine Former (Hjørnepilastre og Bues frise) repræsenterer et lidt senere Stadium i vor ældste Tegls stensarkitektur; man fejler derfor næppe ved at sætte Kalt lundborg Kirkes Opførelsestid til Aarene 1170—1190. I den Gruppe af vore romanske Teglstensbygninger, hvori Kallundborg Kirke ifølge sine Enkeltformer indgaar, er Kirs kerne i Ringsted og Sorø Hovedmonumenterne og de ældste; det vil derfor være rimeligere at behandle deres Slægtskab med den norditalienske Teglstensarkitektur i den Publikation som vil udkomme om Ringsted Kirke. Her skal kun nævnes, at saavel Planudformning og arkitektoniske Enkeltheder, som Stenstørrelser og Materialets Behandling tyder paa en direkte Paavirkning — uafhængig af den samtidige nordtyske Tegls stensarkitektur — fra Milano og Pavia, hvorfra den Bygmes ster synes at være hentet, der maa have ledet Opførelsen af Kirkerne i Ringsted og Sorø, og som det nedenfor vil blive oms talt ogsaa af Kirken i Kallundborg. Som foran paavist peger Døbefontens Ornamentik ogsaa mod Milano. Heri er der for saa vidt intet usædvanligt; allerede i Begyndelsen af 12. Aarh. var lombardiske Bygmestre virksomme her i Danmark ved Opførelsen af Domkirken i Lund 15. M. Cl. ly related churches is known. However, as Löfler12 has shown, the choir and transepts of Ringsted Church were probably finished in the summer of 1770 when the reliquary of Knud Lavard was placed beneath the high altar. There is no room here to discuss the various building periods of Ringsted Church ls; let it suffice to emphasize the fact that the details common to Kallundborg Church and Ringsted Church are found in both the east section and also in the west section, built somewhat later. It is interesting to observe that in Rings sted Church crosssvaultings with halfscolumns are used in the side aisles immediately after 1770, when the construction of the nave was commenced at the next to last bay toward the east. From the very beginning Kallundborg Church was plans ned with vaultings, and as these are of the oldest Romanesque crosssvaulting form without projecting profiled ribs, there is every reason to believe that it was built during the years ims mediately after 1170. — The only one of the oldest brick churches of which the date of building is known is Gumiöse Church in Skaane which is known to have been consecrated by Esbern Snare’s brother, Archbishop Absalon, on October 26, 1911". If this church is compared with Kallundborg Church, we find, judging by its corner pilasters and the friezes of the arches, that it represents a slightly later stadium of the oldest Danish brick architecture. There is no great scope for error if the building of Kallundborg Church is placed between the years 1170—1190. In the group of Romanesque brick buildings to which Kais lundborg Church belongs by virtue of its details, the churches in Ringsted and Soro are the main monuments, and the oldest. It would therefore seem more reasonable to discuss their res lation to the brick architecture of northern Italy in the article on Ringsted Church soon to be published. Here, however, it must be stated that everything — the way in which the plan was followed, architectural details, the size of the bricks and the treatment of the material — seems to point to the direct influence,—independent of the contemporary north German brick architecture,—of Milano and Pavia from whence the mastersbuilder who directed the construction of the churches in Ringsted and Sorø and too, of Kallundborg Church has pres sumably been fetched. As has been indicated earlier, the Ørs namention of the baptismal font seems also to point to Milan. This is no surprising fact, for already in the beginning of the 12th century Lombardy builders were busied in Denmark constructing Lund Cathedral 15. M. CL Fig. 31. Kallundborg set fra Fjorden, 1753. — Kallundborg seen from the fjord, 1753.