2
dock engineering.
the sea The functions of basins in many cases coincide with thoseiof
plicable to basins, though the distinction will not be too rigi yins
^^ - doch wa s devoted «^
dock and the ship was only accessible during periods of low water.
’ Ports and their Functions.—Though by no means a unique or even
essential feature, a dock-system nevertheless constitutes the most impor
an intermediate station, it must be readily betjen
with all necessary appliances for the speedy transfer of merchandise
^AX of ports as a whole, however, exceeds the scope of the
present treatise, for it would involve the discussion not only of docks,
also of harbours, channels, waterways, and roadsteads
Natural havens and roadsteads do not fall within our purview at all
«XX Zt. — »™i,e. with th.seMt...» *»ao«;
whish are formed and proteeted by bre.kw.ters. Vpon sma
completely enclosed and designated harbours and basins, ■ ^tent
lightly. Our immediate purpose j £ and properl^
more or less continuously cut oft trom extern^
called docks. p„«inPerin2.—While harbours have con-
Tiip Dpvelopment of Maritime lbn&ine g . .$
The Development connection with maritime intercourse from
stituted prominen ea u comparatively modern innovation. We
loulX^ back indeed int° the history of navi^ti°n to
h i • • X artificial harbours. Natural harbours and creeks have,
trace the lMr ,iluati„„ and accommodation,
of course, rorr times proved not altogether satisfactory. Accord-
even in ear y » , Phœnicians protected their ancient ports of Tyre and
Son » the Levantine Coast by means of Ä
X Xl"XÄÄe ravages 5
ttao and disu«, m»y traces of maritime engineering ^xxota
masts of Italy • nor is Greece lacking in striking examples of harbour
XXX tares. With the downf.ll of the Boman h-mp.re commer.