Efficiency Methods
An Introduction to Scientific Management

202 EFFICIENCY METHODS standardization. When specification is begun, the “ progress department,” which has probably existed in some form, can be reorganized to form the germ of the planning department proper, and when this nears completion in its development the costing department can be adapted to carry out the more detailed costing which is so important a part of the programme. It is true that this will entail more clerical labour, in making the records of the actual time used in the shops. Therefore the time- keeping section should have been strengthened, and have been given some new training and coaching, before any revised plan for the costing routine is tried. Each section of the new organization must pass through various stages of evolution; and no good result can come from any attempt to hurry or anticipate these stages, or from taking any step which is not definitely directed and worked out. The whole actual programme in its entirety should be laid down before the first move is made, and each step should be made when the time is ripe, not before. Moreover, the steps should have a logical sequence and coherence, and each should to the utmost extent possible demonstrate to every mem- ber of the organization a slow but steady advance in efficiency. They should feel assured, too, that their own positions are improved by each change that directly affects them. In this way, if no false step is made, everybody will begin to rely on the management, and to believe that it means to dis-